Arrhythmias

How Do Arrhythmias Affect Children?

The heart uses electrical signals to keep a steady beat. When these signals are off, it can affect the heart’s ability to pump blood properly. Depending on the type of arrhythmia, it may cause:

• Reduced Blood Flow: The heart may not pump blood as efficiently, causing fatigue and dizziness.
• Risk of Blood Clots: Blood clots can form if blood isn't moving properly, increasing the chance of a stroke.
• Heart Strain: The heart works harder, which can weaken it over time.

What Causes Arrhythmias in Children?

Arrhythmias can happen for different reasons. Some common causes include:

• Family History: Children may have a higher risk if a family member has arrhythmias or heart problems.
• Heart Disease: Children born with heart defects are more likely to have arrhythmias.
• High Blood Pressure: High blood pressure can change the heart's structure over time.
• Stress and Anxiety: Sudden fear, stress, or excitement can trigger arrhythmias.
• Certain Medications: Some cold and allergy medicines can cause a rapid heartbeat.
• Infections or Fever: Infections can trigger irregular heart rhythms, especially in the heart muscle.

Signs and Symptoms of Arrhythmias

Children may not always be able to explain how they’re feeling, so parents need to look out for these signs:

• Feeling a "fluttering" or "pounding" in the chest (palpitations)
• Dizziness or light-headedness
• Shortness of breath
• Feeling very tired or weak
• Chest pain or discomfort
• Fainting or nearly fainting
• Anxiety or restlessness

How Are Arrhythmias Diagnosed?

Doctors use several tools to check for arrhythmias in children. These may include:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG): A simple, painless test that records the heart’s electrical activity.
• Holter Monitor: A small device your child wears for 1-2 days to track the heart’s rhythm during daily activities.
• Event Monitor: This is similar to a Holter monitor but is used longer and records only when symptoms occur.
• Imaging Tests: Sometimes, tests like an echocardiogram or MRI are used to see how the heart looks and works.

Types of Arrhythmias

• Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT): A very fast heartbeat that starts in the upper part of the heart. It’s one of the most common arrhythmias in children.
• Symptoms: Sudden fast heartbeat, dizziness, chest pain, or fainting.
• Treatment: Techniques like holding your breath, coughing, or applying a cool cloth to the face can help slow the heart rate.
• Bradycardia: When the heart beats too slowly.
• Symptoms: Tiredness, dizziness, or fainting.
• Treatment: If an illness or medication causes it, treating that problem may fix it.
• Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome: A condition where extra electrical pathways in the heart cause a fast heartbeat.
• Symptoms: Episodes of rapid heartbeat, dizziness, or fainting.
• Treatment: WPW can often be treated with medications or other simple procedures.

How Are Arrhythmias Treated?

Treatment depends on the type and severity of the arrhythmia. Options include:

• Lifestyle Changes: Eating healthy, managing stress, and staying active can help keep the heart strong.
• Medications: Certain medications can slow down a fast heart rate or help prevent arrhythmias.
• Simple Actions: Holding your breath or placing a cool cloth on the child’s face can stop some fast heartbeats.

Can Arrhythmias Be Prevented?

While not all arrhythmias can be prevented, some simple steps can reduce the risk:

• Eat a Heart-Healthy Diet: Include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins in your child's meals.
• Stay Active